Method and system for determining validity of a printed document

ABSTRACT

A method and system to determine validity of a printed document is provided. An example system comprises a validation module and an alert module. The validation module may be configured to detect, using a scanning device, a document identification associated with a printed document and determine, based on the document identification, a state of the electronic document The alert module may be configured to trigger an alert, based on the determined state of the electronic document.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates to the technical fields of software and/orhardware technology and, in one example embodiment, to system and methodto determine validity of a document.

BACKGROUND

Preparation of a legal document, such as, e.g., a written contract, mayinvolve a number of revisions resulting from negotiation between theparties to the contract. During this process, several electronicversions of the document may be created, culminating in the finaldocument that can be printed out and signed by one or more interestedparties. A legal document may be negotiated by the parties'representatives rather than by the parties themselves. The finalelectronic version of the document that is intended for signature by theperson responsible for the consequences of the legal document istypically printed out and then signed.

While the final electronic version of a legal document may be readilyidentifiable as such (e.g., based on the date of the document, the namewith its assigned version number, etc.) the printed out hard copy of thefinal version may not be readily distinguished from earlier non-finalversions of the document. Consequently, the signer may wind up signing adocument that is not the correct or final version. Furthermore, in theprocess of perfecting a document through revisions, the name of theundersigned on the document may change, such that an earlier version ofthe document may indicate an undersigned that no longer have sufficientrights to sign the document, while the originally-designated signermight not be aware of this fact. Still further, the interest of a partywith respect to a legal document may expire, e.g., as in the case wherethe legal document is an offer letter or a service offering. Thisexpiration information might not be part of the document text itself butmight be information that the designated signer is not aware of.

In some existing systems, a unique two-dimensional barcode may beprinted on a document page in addition to the content of the document.The two-dimensional barcode can be scanned with a barcode reader. Thebarcode reader may then communicate with an enterprise system andvalidate the document. A smart phone with a camera may also be used asbarcode reader, provided the smart phone is executing an appropriatemobile application capable of comparing the scanned barcode againstreference barcodes stored in a validation database.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by way of exampleand not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in whichlike reference numbers indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an example architecturewithin which an example method and system to determine validity of aprinted document may be implemented;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of an digital pen within whichan example method and system to determine validity of a printed documentmay be implemented;

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a network environment withinwhich an example method and system to determine validity of a printeddocument may be implemented;

FIG. 4 is block diagram of a system o determine validity of a printeddocument, in accordance with one example embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method o determine validity of a printeddocument, in accordance with an example embodiment; and

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic representation of an example machine in theform of a computer system within which a set of instructions, forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, may be executed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A method and system to determine validity of a printed document isdescribed. In the following description, for purposes of explanation,numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of an embodiment of the present invention. It will beevident, however, to one skilled in the art that the present inventionmay be practiced without these specific details. As used herein, theterm “or” may be construed in either an inclusive or exclusive sense.Similarly, the term “exemplary” is construed merely to mean an exampleof something or an exemplar and not necessarily a preferred or idealmeans of accomplishing a goal. Additionally, any type of serverenvironment, including various system architectures, may employ variousembodiments of the application-centric resources system and methoddescribed herein and is considered as being within a scope of thepresent invention.

Method and system to determine validity of a printed out copy of anelectronic document may be implemented in conjunction with a pen-basedcomputer system, e.g., as a feature of an digital pen. An digital pen,typically, has a scanning device that can be used to scan dot-enabledpaper (also termed “electronic paper”). The dot pattern of thedot-enabled paper provides an absolute and relative reference for ascanning device.

In one example embodiment, where an electronic document undergoes one ormore revisions and different versions of the electronic document arestored in a computer-implemented document repository, each new versionof the electronic document is assigned a unique dot pattern. Eachversion of the electronic document is also associated with metadata thatmay be used to determine validity of that particular version. Forexample, the metadata stored as associated with a version of anelectronic document and its unique dot pattern may include informationindicating a list of users that are authorized to sign the associateddocument, the version information (e.g., whether there are earlierand/or later versions of the document), a general validity flag that canbe set to invalidate the version of the document, an expiration date(e.g., after which the document is not to be signed), etc. This metadatastored as associated with a version of an electronic document may betermed validity information.

Validity information may be downloaded, from a server computer systemexecuting a document management application, to an digital pen.Downloaded validity information may be periodically synchronized withthe data stored at the server computer system, using, e.g., a wired orwireless communications protocol. In some embodiments, versions of anelectronic documents and the respective validity information may bestored in a mobile device, such as, e.g., a smart phone, and thevalidity information may be downloaded from the mobile device.

To determine validity of the printed document before signing, theprospective signer just needs to tap the printed document with his/herdigital pen, and an application executing on the digital pen would checkwhether the dot pattern provided on the printed document is mapped to anelectronic document version that is still valid and whether theprospective signer has adequate rights to sign it. Depending on theoutput features of the digital pen, a colored light-emitting diode(LED), a small screen, or an audio output may be used to notify theprospective signer about the validity of the printed document. In someembodiments, an digital pen may be configured to interrupt the ink flowof the digital pen if the printed document was determined to be invalid.

In operation, when an electronic document is printed out and a user tapsthe printed document with her digital pen, digital pen detects the dotpattern printed on the paper document and, based on the detected dotpattern, determines a document identification. A validation applicationexecuting in the digital pen accesses and examines validity informationassociated with the document identification and triggers an alert (e.g.,an audio signal or a light) indicative of validity or invalidity of theprinted document.

Example architecture 100 for determining validity of a printed documentis illustrated in FIG. 1. The upper part of FIG. 1, shown above thebroken horizontal line, shows the components that are running within theinformation technology (IT) landscape of an enterprise. The lower part,shown below the broken horizontal line, shows the peripheral componentsthat are acting as gateways between the digital representation andphysical representation (paper and ink) of documents.

Each document that is uploaded through a document uploader 112, apattern assignment component 113 combines with a unique dot pattern andmakes it available for printing. Using a validity manager 114,additional validation rules can be assigned to any of the uploadeddocuments. Additionally, if a document is updated (e.g., new version isuploaded) the pattern assignment component 113 automatically calls adocument validations component 115 that invalidates the old version ofthe updated document.

Electronic documents stored in a document management system implementedwithin the architecture 100 can be printed with a standard printer.There are no specific requirements but that the printer has a sufficientprint resolution. An digital pen (also referred to as a smart pen) thatthe signer owns and uses has a unique hardware identification (penidentification). The unique pen identification may be used by avalidator application 122 executing on the digital pen to examinevalidation information of an electronic document. For example, a penidentification may be mapped to a user identification of a prospectivesigner and included in to the validation information of an electronicdocument. If the validation information of an electronic documentindicates that a prospective signer associated with a useridentification mapped to a certain pen identification does not have aright to sign a printed version of the electronic document, the of theelectronic document may trigger an alert indicating that the validationfailed.

The validator application 122 executing on the digital pen may beconfigured to synchronize validation information stored on the digitalpen with corresponding information stored by a document managementsystem executing within the enterprise's IT landscape, utilizing avalidation downloader 117, either on a regular basis on request of thepen's user. The synchronization may be performed either over the wire(e.g., via a universal serial bus (USB) cable) or wirelessly, e.g.,using Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi or any other radio transmission protocol.

Suggested format for data exchanged between the validation downloader117 and the validator application 122 is shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 PatternId (Long) Validaty (Boolean) SignerList (Array of penids) ValidatyInformation:   VersionNumber (Integer)   NewestVersion(Integer)   ExpirationDate (Date)   ManualInvalidation (String)

When a signer want to sign a document i.e. the pen is tap on thedocument, the Validation App automatically recognizes the pattern andchecks the validity information about the document that is assigned tothe recognized pattern. The application will return a positive or anegative outcome of the validation check. The validation check mayinclude the steps shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 1. Load validation information for the detected dot pattern 2.Check whether the user of this pen (the pen having the determined penidentification) is allowed to sign this document 3. If not, stop hereand return “invalid” status 4. Check if this document has “valid” status5. If yes, return “valid” status 6. Check the reason for the invaliditya. Expiration Date reached b. Newer version available c. Other manuallyadded invalidity reason detected 7. Return reason for invalidity

This outcome of the validation sequence performed by the validatorapplication 122 is communicated to the prospective signer. The outputchannel may be selected based on the features of the digital pen. Asmentioned above, if the digital pen just has LEDs, the positive outcomeof the validation sequence could be mapped to green light and negativeoutcome of the validation sequence could be mapped to red light. Somedigital pens have a vibration feature which could be used to signal aninvalid document. Some digital pens are equipped with a small textoutput display, which could be used to provide further informationexplaining the reason for the determination of invalidity. Additionally,if the digital pen has an audio output, the validator application 122may be configured to cause playing a recorded warning audio message. Asalso was mentioned above, the ink supply could be interrupted wheneverthe pen is tapped to an invalid document.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a smart pen 200 (also referred to as an digitalpen. The smart pen 200 is designed to work with this dot enabled paperand includes an imaging system and a processor that can determine theposition of the smart pen's writing tip with respect to the dot pattern.In various embodiments, the smart pen 200 can communicate with a generalpurpose computing system, such as a personal computer or a mobilecomputer system. For example, content captured by the smart pen 200 maybe transferred to the computing system for further use by that system.Conversely, content may also be transferred back onto the smart pen 200from the computing system. In addition to data, the content provided bythe computing system 220 to the smart pen 200 may include softwareapplications that can be executed by the smart pen 200. The smart pen200 may communicate with the computing system via any of a number ofknown communication mechanisms, including both wired and wirelesscommunications. As shown in FIG. 2, the smart pen 200 comprises a marker205, an imaging system 210, a pen down sensor 215, one or moremicrophones 220, a speaker 225, an audio jack 230, a display 235, an I/Oport 240, a processor 245, an onboard memory 250, and a battery 255. Itshould be understood, however, that not all of the above components arerequired for the smart pen 200, and this is not an exhaustive list ofcomponents for all embodiments of the smart pen 200 or of all possiblevariations of the above components. For example, the smart pen 200 mayalso include buttons, such as a power button or an audio recordingbutton, and/or status indicator lights. Moreover, as used herein in thespecification and in the claims, the term “smart pen” does not implythat the pen device has any particular feature or functionalitydescribed herein for a particular embodiment, other than those featuresexpressly recited. A smart pen may have any combination of fewer thanall of the capabilities and subsystems described herein.

The marker 205 enables the smart pen to be used as a traditional writingapparatus for writing on any suitable surface. The marker 205 may thuscomprise any suitable marking mechanism, including any ink-based orgraphite-based marking devices or any other devices that can be used forwriting. In one embodiment, the marker 205 comprises a replaceableballpoint pen element. The marker 205 is coupled to a pen down sensor215, such as a pressure sensitive element. The pen down sensor 215 thusproduces an output when the marker 205 is pressed against a surface,thereby indicating when the smart pen 200 is being used to write on asurface.

The imaging system 210 comprises sufficient optics and sensors forimaging an area of a surface near the marker 205. The imaging system 210may be used to capture handwriting and gestures made with the smart pen200. For example, the imaging system 210 may include an infrared lightsource that illuminates a writing surface in the general vicinity of themarker 205, where the writing surface includes an encoded pattern. Byprocessing the image of the encoded pattern, the smart pen 200 candetermine where the marker 205 is in relation to the writing surface. Animaging array of the imaging system 210 then images the surface near themarker 205 and captures a portion of a coded pattern in its field ofview. Thus, the imaging system 210 allows the smart pen 200 to receivedata using at least one input modality, such as receiving written input.The imaging system 210 incorporating optics and electronics for viewinga portion of the writing surface is just one type of gesture capturesystem that can be incorporated in the smart pen 200 for electronicallycapturing any writing gestures made using the pen, and other embodimentsof the smart pen 200 may use any other appropriate means for achieve thesame function.

A processor 245, onboard memory 250, and battery 255 (or any othersuitable power source) enable computing functionalities to be performedat least in part on the smart pen 200. The processor 245 is coupled tothe input and output devices and other components described above,thereby enabling applications running on the smart pen 200, such as,e.g., the validator application 122 of FIG. 1, to use those components.In one embodiment, the processor 245 comprises any suitable processor,and the onboard memory 250 comprises a small amount of random accessmemory (RAM) and a larger amount of flash or other persistent memory. Asa result, executable applications can be stored and executed on thesmart pen 200. In an embodiment, the processor 245 and onboard memory250 include one or more executable applications, such as a system fordetermining validity of a printed document (e.g., the validatorapplication 122). An example method and system may be implemented in thecontext of a network environment 300 illustrated in FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 3, the network environment 300 may include an digitalpen 310 and a source computer system 340. The source computer system 340may be a server computer system or a mobile computing device, such as,e.g., a smart phone. The digital pen 310, in one embodiment, correspondsto the digital pen illustrated in FIG. 2. The source computer system340, in one example embodiment, may be executing a document managementapplication 342 that may be in communication with the digital pen 310via a communications network 330. The communications network 330 may bea public network (e.g., the Internet, a wireless network, etc.) or aprivate network (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network(WAN), Intranet, etc.). The digital pen 310 may be executing a documentvalidation application 312 (that may correspond to the validatorapplication 122 of FIG. 1). The document management application 342executing on the source computer system 340 may be used to upload, tothe digital pen 310, validity information associated with a plurality ofelectronic documents. The electronic documents may be stand-aloneunrelated documents or may be related as different versions/revisions ofa document. The digital pen 310 may be configured to scan and identifyprinted documents that include respective dot patterns.

As shown in FIG. 3, the document management system 342 is connected to adatabase 350 that may store electronic documents with their respectivemetadata, as well as dot patterns. As explained above, an identificationof an electronic document may be mapped to a unique dot pattern, so thatthe document validation application may be configured to access validityinformation of an electronic document (stored as metadata) based on theidentified dot pattern of a printed document. An example system todetermine validity of a printed document may be described with referenceto FIG. 4.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a system 400 to determine validity of aprinted document, in accordance with one example embodiment. As shown inFIG. 4, the system 400 includes a downloader 410, a synchronizationmodule 420, a validation module 430, and an alert module 440. Thedownloader 410 may be configured to download, from a computer executinga document management application, data associated with one or moreelectronic documents. The synchronization module 430 may be configuredto synchronize the downloaded data with data stored at the computerexecuting the document management application.

The validation module 430 may be configured to detect, e.g., using ascanning device, a document identification associated with a printeddocument. The document identification may be stored electronically, at astorage location accessible by the system 400, as associated with anelectronic document and its validity information. The validation module430 may further be configured to determine, based on the documentidentification, a state of the electronic document that corresponds tothe printed document.

As shown in FIG. 4, the validation module 430 comprises a backgroundpattern detector 432 and a mapping detector 434. The background patterndetector 432 may be configured to identify a background patternassociated with the printed document. The mapping detector 434 may beconfigured to access mapping information that provides a mapping betweenthe background pattern and the document identification. The mappinginformation is stored as part of validity information of an electronicdocument.

The alert module 440 may be configured to trigger an alert based on thedetermined state of the electronic document. For example, if thevalidation module 420 determines, by examining validity information ofan electronic document, that the printed document corresponds to aninvalid electronic document or to an electronic documents for which theuser of the digital pen does not have sufficient signatory rights, thealert module 440 may trigger an audio or a visual alert, or eveninterrupt the ink flow to the digital pen to prevent the user of the penfrom signing the printed document. Various modules illustrated in FIG. 4may be implemented as software, hardware, or a combination of softwareand hardware, utilizing at least one processor. An example method todetermine validity of a printed document can be described with referenceto FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method 500 to determine validity of aprinted document, according to one example embodiment. The method 500may be performed by processing logic that may comprise hardware (e.g.,dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, etc.), software (such asrun on a general purpose computer system or a dedicated machine), or acombination of both. In one example embodiment, the processing logicresides at the digital pen 200 of FIG. 2 and, specifically, at thesystem 400 shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 5, the method 500 commences at operation 510, when thedownloader 410 of FIG. 4 (that is executing at an digital pen)downloads, from a computer executing a document management application,validity information associated with one or more electronic documents.The downloaded validity information may be synchronized, periodically orupon request, with validity information stored at the computer executingthe document management application.

At operation 520, a scanner provided with the digital pen, scans aprinted document. The scanning may be triggered by tapping the printeddocument with the writing tip of the digital pen. At operation 530, thevalidation module 430 of FIG. 4 identifies a background pattern (dotpattern) associated with the printed document and determines a documentidentification associated with an electronic document, based on theidentified background pattern (operation 540). At operation 550, thevalidation module 430 determines, based on the document identification,a state of the electronic document that corresponds to the printeddocument. In one embodiment, the document identification is be mapped tovalidity information of the electronic document, such that the state ofthe electronic document may be determined by examining the validityinformation. The validity information may indicate that the electronicdocument is invalid, that an expiration date has been reached, that alater version of the electronic document is available, etc. The validityinformation may also include a mapping between a pen identification andaccess rights information that may be indicative of whether the user ofthe pen has sufficient rights to sign a printed version of theelectronic document.

If, at operation 560, it is determined that the state of the electronicdocument is valid, the alert module 440 of FIG. 4 triggers an alertindicative of a valid document (e.g., a green light) at operation 562.If, at operation 560, it is determined that the state of the electronicdocument is not valid, the alert module 440 triggers an alert indicativeof an invalid document (e.g., a red light) at operation 564. An alertmay be an audio or a visual alert, as explained above.

FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the exampleform of a computer system 600 within which a set of instructions, forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, may be executed. In alternative embodiments, themachine operates as a stand-alone device or may be connected (e.g.,networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine mayoperate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in aserver-client network environment, or as a peer machine in apeer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine may be apersonal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a PersonalDigital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a web appliance, anetwork router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing aset of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to betaken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine isillustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include anycollection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (ormultiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 600 includes a processor 602 (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) orboth), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, which communicate witheach other via a bus 606. The computer system 600 may further include avideo display unit 610 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or acathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system 600 also includes analpha-numeric input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), a user interface (UI)navigation device 614 (e.g., a cursor control device), a disk drive unit616, a signal generation device 618 (e.g., a speaker) and a networkinterface device 620.

The disk drive unit 616 includes a machine-readable medium 622 on whichis stored one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g.,software 624) embodying or utilized by any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The software 624 may alsoreside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 604and/or within the processor 602 during execution thereof by the computersystem 600, with the main memory 604 and the processor 602 alsoconstituting machine-readable media.

The software 624 may further be transmitted or received over a network626 via the network interface device 620 utilizing any one of a numberof well-known transfer protocols (e.g., Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP)).

While the machine-readable medium 622 is shown in an example embodimentto be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should betaken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralizedor distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) thatstore the one or more sets of instructions. The term “machine-readablemedium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable ofstoring and encoding a set of instructions for execution by the machineand that cause the machine to perform any one or more of themethodologies of embodiments of the present invention, or that iscapable of storing and encoding data structures utilized by orassociated with such a set of instructions. The term “machine-readablemedium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to,solid-state memories, optical and magnetic media. Such media may alsoinclude, without limitation, hard disks, floppy disks, flash memorycards, digital video disks, random access memory (RAMs), read onlymemory (ROMs), and the like.

The embodiments described herein may be implemented in an operatingenvironment comprising software installed on a computer, in hardware, orin a combination of software and hardware. Such embodiments of theinventive subject matter may be referred to herein, individually orcollectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and withoutintending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to anysingle invention or inventive concept if more than one is, in fact,disclosed.

Thus, a method and system to determine validity of an electronicdocument has been described. Although embodiments have been describedwith reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident thatvarious modifications and changes may be made to these embodimentswithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the inventivesubject matter. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to beregarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method executing in a pen-based computingsystem, the method comprising: scanning a printed document using ascanning device; identifying a background pattern in the printeddocument based on a result of the scanning; based on the backgroundpattern, determining identification of an electronic documentcorresponding to the printed document; determining, using a processor,based on the identification of the electronic document, an electronicversion of the electronic document; and triggering an alert, if thedetermined electronic version of the electronic document is an invalidelectronic version of the electronic document.
 2. The method of claim 1,the detecting comprises: accessing mapping information, the mappinginformation providing a mapping between the background pattern and theidentification.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising evaluatinga validity flag associated with the electronic document.
 4. The methodof claim 1, further comprising evaluating expiration date dataassociated with the electronic document.
 5. The method of claim 1,further comprising: determining a pen identification; and evaluating,based on the pen identification, signor information associated with theelectronic document.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the evaluatingcomprises: accessing unique mapping between the pen identification and auser identification; and determining rights associated with the useridentification with respect to the electronic document.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, comprising downloading, from a computer executing a documentmanagement application, data associated with the one or more electronicdocuments.
 8. The method of claim 7, comprising synchronizing thedownloaded data with data stored at the computer executing the documentmanagement application.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the triggeringof the alert comprises a visual alert or an audio alert.
 10. The methodof claim 1, further comprising stopping a flow of ink in an digital pen,the digital pen hosting the pen-based computing system.
 11. Acomputer-implemented system comprising: a processor coupled to a memory;a background pattern detector to identify, using the processor, abackground pattern associated with a printed document; a validationmodule to, using the processor: based on the background pattern,determine identification of an electronic document corresponding to theprinted document, determine, based on the identification, an electronicversion of the electronic document; and an alert module to trigger,using the processor, an alert, if the determined electronic version ofthe electronic document is an invalid electronic version of theelectronic document.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the validationmodule comprises: a mapping detector to access mapping information, themapping information providing a mapping between the background patternand the identification.
 13. The system of claim 11, wherein thevalidation module is to evaluate a validity flag associated with theelectronic document.
 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the validationmodule is to evaluate expiration date data associated with theelectronic document.
 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the validationmodule is to: determine a pen identification; and evaluate, based on thepen identification, signor information associated with the electronicdocument.
 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the validation module isto: access unique mapping between the pen identification and a useridentification; and determine rights associated with the useridentification with respect to the electronic document.
 17. The systemof claim 11, comprising a downloader to download, using the processor,from a computer executing a document management application, dataassociated with the one or more electronic documents.
 18. The system ofclaim 17, comprising a synchronization module to synchronize, using theprocessor, the downloaded data with data stored at the computerexecuting the document management application.
 19. The system of claim11, wherein the alert module is to trigger a visual alert or an audioalert.
 20. A machine-readable non-transitory storage medium havinginstruction data to cause a machine to: identify a background patternassociated with a printed document; based on the background pattern,determine identification of an electronic document corresponding to theprinted document; determine, based on the identification, an electronicversion of the electronic document; and trigger an alert, if thedetermined electronic version of the electronic document is an invalidelectronic version of the electronic document.